Why Do I Have Sensitive Teeth?

Not dissimilar to the feeling of hearing nails on a chalkboard, sensitive teeth can be both painful and uncomfortable. Usually felt when eating or drinking something especially cold, tooth sensitivity may not be as serious as other dental conditions, but can be a constant annoyance and source of discomfort is left unaddressed. In some cases the tooth/teeth may need significant dental treatment. 

What is tooth sensitivity?

Sensitive teeth, also referred to as dentine hypersensitivity, refer to teeth that experience stronger than normal sensations from certain types of stimuli, such as hot or cold temperatures, or pressure from eating or brushing. 

When exposed to these stimuli, the nerves in the tooth can become irritated, triggering an uncomfortable feeling of sharp pain. 

Why do I have sensitive teeth all of a sudden?

For some, sensitive teeth is something that they have experienced from a young age - some will just be more prone to tooth sensitivity than others.

If you have never or rarely experienced sensitive teeth, but have recently noticed frequent pain, it’s likely that something has caused your teeth to become sensitive. Some of the most common causes of sensitive teeth include:

• Cavity 

One of the most common causes of a sensitive tooth can be a deep cavity. When the cavity is close to the nerve or exposes the nerve in the tooth, it is likely that you will  experience some tooth sensitivity (which can be severe in some cases).  

• Teeth grinding

Grinding or clenching your teeth (especially during sleep) can wear down the enamel layer of teeth and cause tooth sensitivity. 

• Acidic foods

Acidic foods and drinks, such as citrus and soda can erode tooth enamel over time. This exposes the sensitive dentin underneath, leading to the development of tooth sensitivity. Some of these same foods can also stain the teeth.

• Ageing

The layer of enamel of our teeth naturally wears down as people age, which often leads to increased tooth sensitivity. 

• Dental procedures

Dental treatments such as fillings, crowns, or cleanings can briefly increase tooth sensitivity. Sensitivity usually passes as the mouth adjusts, but if sensitivity persists, it may be worth going back to your dentist to check for any issues.

• Cracked teeth

A cracked or broken tooth can cause the nerves and dentine inside to become exposed, leading to intense sensitivity. If you've broken a tooth, chipped a tooth, or have noticed any areas in your mouth that feel different - get them checked out ASAP.

• Gum recession and gum disease

Gum recession and gum disease can both lead to exposure of the tooth root, which is more sensitive than the enamel. 

• Brushing too hard 

Applying too much pressure while brushing, or using a toothbrush with bristles that are too rigid can wear down enamel and cause gum recession. Over time, this can lead to increased tooth sensitivity. 

• Build-up of plaque

Without consistent oral care, plaque can build up on teeth and harden into tartar. This build-up will increase harmful bacteria that can cause gum disease and “white-spot lesions”  which contribute to tooth sensitivity. 

• The use of whitening or bleaching products 

Teeth whitening treatments that contain strong corrosive chemicals, especially when applied incorrectly, can cause teeth to become more sensitive. 

How to treat sensitive teeth and prevent further issues

Managing the discomfort from sensitive teeth is not difficult, but it will require effort to ensure that the affected teeth are protected from further damage. Here’s what you can do:

• Restoring damaged or cracked teeth – seeking dental treatment to treat any damaged teeth can help to resolve issues of teeth sensitivity in the long term, as well as prevent the development of more serious dental issues. 

• Use toothpaste formulated for sensitive teeth – these types of toothpaste contain ingredients that may help reduce the pain (by blocking sensitive pathways) from sensitive teeth. 

• Opt for a toothbrush with softer bristles – this can help to prevent further erosion irritation to sensitive teeth and gum areas. Changing your brushing habits to a gentler brushing style can also help to minimise erosion of the enamel. 

• Use a splint when sleeping – your dentist can provide you with a splint (custom mouthguard) to protect your teeth if you grind your teeth at night. 

• Consume less acidic foods and drinks - reducing intake can prevent enamel erosion. If you do drink a lot of sugary food or drinks, rinse your mouth with water to neutralise the acidic residue. 

• Attend regular check-ups with a dentist – getting professional advice and treatment from a dentist is the best way to ensure that your tooth sensitivity is safely addressed.